Efectos de Cinnamomum zeylanicum en niveles glucémicos en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on glycemic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized clinical trial

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del consumo de suplemento de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) en los niveles glucémicos de adultos mexicanos con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado simple ciego con 30 pacientes >18 años con diabetes tipo 2, se aleatorizaron en los grupos: intervención y control; donde consumieron cápsulas con 2 gramos de C. zeylanicum o harina de trigo (placebo) diario por 12 semanas y se midieron variables antropométricas y bioquímicas (HbA1c, GPa, triglicéridos, colesterol total, HDL y LDL). Se utilizó el software IBM SPSS versión 23 y se aplicó la prueba T-Student y U-Mann Withney para muestras independientes (según el comportamiento de la variable) para las diferencias entre grupos, valores p<0.05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: No se observaron cambios significativos en HbA1c entre grupos (p>0.05). Sin embargo, post-tratamiento el grupo intervención disminuyó significativamente HbA1c al compararlo con su línea base (-0.41%, p=0.01) mientras que no se encontraron diferencias en el grupo control (+0.03%, p=0.64). No hubo diferencias significativas en variables antropométricas ni bioquímicas. Conclusiones: El consumo de 2 g de C. zeylanicum en mexicanos con diabetes tipo 2 no produjo cambios significativos entre grupos. Se sugieren nuevos estudios donde se evalúe el suplemento de canela con una muestra mayor. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04023539. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) supplement use on the glycemic levels of Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients over 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes. They were randomized into intervention and control groups where they took 2-gram capsules of Cinnamomum zeylanicum or wheat flour (placebo) daily for 12 weeks; then the anthropometric and biochemical variables HbA1c, FPG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. IBM SPSS version 23 software was used and the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples (according to the behavior of the variable) were applied for differences between groups, p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: No significant changes in HbA1c were seen between the two groups (p>0.05). However, post-treatment, the HbA1c value in the intervention group decreased significantly when compared to their baseline (-0.41%, p=0.01), while no differences were found in the control group (+0.03%, p=0.64). There were no significant differences in the anthropometric or biochemical variables. Conclusions: The consumption of 2 g of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in Mexican people with type 2 diabetes did not produce significant changes between the groups. New studies evaluating cinnamon supplementation on a larger sample size are suggested. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04023539. (AU)

Evidence on the use of alternative substances and therapies in hypertension / Evidencias sobre el uso de sustancias y terapias alternativas en hipertensión

Objective: Review of some of the best-known biological and non-biological complementary/alternative therapies/medicines (CAM) and their relationship with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HT). Search strategy: Narrative review assessing a recent series of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials published in recent years, focusing on the effects of CAM on BP and HT. Selection of studies: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, obtaining a total of 4336 articles, finally limiting the search to 181 after applying filters. Synthesis of results: Some studies on biological therapies show some usefulness in BP reduction with an adequate benefit–risk balance, although there is a scarcity of high-quality trials that support these results. Some mind-body therapies have shown hypothetical benefit; in contrast, others lack robust evidence. Conclusions: Although some therapies present a reasonable risk–benefit ratio, they should in no case replace pharmacological treatment when indicated.(AU)

Objetivo: Revisar algunas de las más conocidas terapias/medicinas biológicas y no biológicas complementarias/alternativas (MCA), y su relación con la presión arterial (PA) e hipertensión arterial (HTA). Estrategia de búsqueda: Revisión narrativa en la que se valoraron una serie reciente de revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos publicados en los últimos años, centrada en los efectos de la MCA sobre la PA y HTA. Selección de estudios: Se realizaron búsquedas en EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar, obteniéndose un total de 4.336 artículos, limitándose finalmente a 181 tras aplicar filtros. Síntesis de resultados: Algunos trabajos sobre terapias biológicas parecen demostrar cierta utilidad en reducción de la PA con adecuado balance beneficio/riesgo, aunque existe escasez de ensayos de alta calidad que avalen estos resultados. Algunas terapias cuerpo/mente han mostrado un hipotético beneficio; en cambio, otras carecen de evidencia robusta. Conclusiones: Aunque algunas terapias presentan una relación riesgo/beneficio razonable, no deberían sustituir en ningún caso al tratamiento farmacológico cuando este esté indicado.(AU)

Comparación indirecta ajustada de zanubrutinib e ibrutinib en el tratamiento de primera línea de la leucemia linfocítica crónica / Adjusted indirect comparison of zanubrutinib and ibrutinib in first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Objetivo el objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una comparación indirecta ajustada, según el perfil citogenético, en términos de eficacia, entre los distintos inhibidores de la tirosin cinasa de bruton empleados como monoterapia en primera línea para la leucemia linfocítica crónica. Asimismo, se evaluaron los resultados de seguridad considerados de interés para establecer si dichas opciones pueden ser consideras alternativas terapéuticas equivalentes. Método con fecha 10 de noviembre del 2022, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Pubmed y Embase de ensayos clínicos fase III que estudiaran los inhibidores de la tirosin cinasa de Bruton en monoterapia en contexto de primera línea para la leucemia linfocítica crónica. Se incluyeron ensayos en los que se empleara la combinación de bendamustina y rituximab como comparador y que presentaran poblaciones y tiempos de seguimiento semejantes. Se combinaron mediante metaanálisis los resultados de los subgrupos según las características mutacionales clasificando a los pacientes en alto y bajo riesgo citogenético. Se desarrolló una comparación indirecta ajustada utilizando el método de Bucher. Se determinó la posible equivalencia terapéutica aplicando para ello la guía de alternativas terapéuticas equivalentes. Resultado de los 39 estudios obtenidos en la revisión, se seleccionaron 2 ensayos clínicos: uno para zanubrutinib y otro para ibrutinib. El resto de estudios no se incluyeron por incumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados obtenidos en la comparación indirecta ajustada para ambos subgrupos de riesgo citogenético no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a la seguridad, las diferencias más relevantes se encontraron en la incidencia de fibrilación auricular, hipertensión arterial y eventos cardiovasculares en los pacientes tratados con ibrutinib, y mayor incidencia de cánceres secundarios en los pacientes tratados con zanubrutinib (AU)

Objective The aim of this study was to perform an adjusted indirect treatment comparison, according to the cytogenetic profile, in terms of efficacy between different Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as first-line monotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Safety outcomes considered of interest were also evaluated to establish whether these options can be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives. Method A literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase on 10 November 2022 for phase III clinical trials studying Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in monotherapy in the first-line setting for CLL. Results were filtered according to whether the combination of bendamustine and rituximab was used as comparator and whether they had similar populations and follow-up times. Subgroup results were meta-analyzed according to mutational characteristics by classifying patients into high and low cytogenetic risk. An adjusted indirect comparison was developed using Bucher's method. Possible therapeutic equivalence was determined by applying the guide to equivalent therapeutic alternatives. Result Of the 39 studies obtained in the review, two clinical trials were selected: one for zanubrutinib and one for ibrutinib. The remaining studies were not included because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results obtained in the adjusted indirect treatment comparison for both cytogenetic risk subgroups showed no statistically significant differences. The most relevant safety differences were auricular fibrillation, hypertension and cardiovascular events in patients treated with ibrutinib and higher incidence of secondary cancers in patients treated with zanubrutinib. Applying the ATE guideline criteria, both treatments cannot be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives (AU)

[Translated article] Adjusted indirect comparison of zanubrutinib and ibrutinib in first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform an adjusted indirect treatment comparison, according to the cytogenetic profile, in terms of efficacy between different Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as first-line monotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Safety outcomes considered of interest were also evaluated to establish whether these options can be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives. METHOD: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase on November 10, 2022 for phase III clinical trials studying Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in monotherapy in the first-line setting for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results were filtered according to whether the combination of bendamustine and rituximab was used as comparator and whether they had similar populations and follow-up times. Subgroup results were meta-analyzed according to mutational characteristics by classifying patients into high and low cytogenetic risk. An adjusted indirect comparison was developed using Bucher's method. Possible therapeutic equivalence was determined by applying the guide to equivalent therapeutic alternatives. RESULT: Of the 39 studies obtained in the review, 2 clinical trials were selected: 1 for zanubrutinib and 1 for ibrutinib. The remaining studies were not included because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results obtained in the adjusted indirect treatment comparison for both cytogenetic risk subgroups showed no statistically significant differences. The most relevant safety differences were atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and cardiovascular events in patients treated with ibrutinib and higher incidence of secondary cancers in patients treated with zanubrutinib. Applying the equivalent therapeutic alternatives guideline criteria, both treatments cannot be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming the uncertainty associated with the adjusted indirect comparison, zanubrutinib could be considered equivalent in efficacy to ibrutinib, however, the presence of differentiating safety features precludes assigning the 2 alternatives as equivalent therapeutic alternatives.

Adjusted indirect comparison of zanubrutinib and ibrutinib in first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. / Comparación indirecta ajustada de zanubrutinib e ibrutinib en el tratamiento de primera línea de la leucemia linfocítica crónica.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform an adjusted indirect treatment comparison, according to the cytogenetic profile, in terms of efficacy between different Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as first-line monotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Safety outcomes considered of interest were also evaluated to establish whether these options can be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives. METHOD: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase on 10 November 2022 for phase III clinical trials studying Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in monotherapy in the first-line setting for CLL. Results were filtered according to whether the combination of bendamustine and rituximab was used as comparator and whether they had similar populations and follow-up times. Subgroup results were meta-analyzed according to mutational characteristics by classifying patients into high and low cytogenetic risk. An adjusted indirect comparison was developed using Bucher's method. Possible therapeutic equivalence was determined by applying the guide to equivalent therapeutic alternatives. RESULT: Of the 39 studies obtained in the review, two clinical trials were selected: one for zanubrutinib and one for ibrutinib. The remaining studies were not included because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results obtained in the adjusted indirect treatment comparison for both cytogenetic risk subgroups showed no statistically significant differences. The most relevant safety differences were auricular fibrillation, hypertension and cardiovascular events in patients treated with ibrutinib and higher incidence of secondary cancers in patients treated with zanubrutinib. Applying the ATE guideline criteria, both treatments cannot be considered equivalent therapeutic alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming the uncertainty associated with the adjusted indirect comparison, zanubrutinib could be considered equivalent in efficacy to ibrutinib, however, the presence of differentiating safety features precludes assigning the two alternatives as equivalent therapeutic alternatives.

Evidence on the use of alternative substances and therapies in hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Review of some of the best-known biological and non-biological complementary/alternative therapies/medicines (CAM) and their relationship with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HT). SEARCH STRATEGY: Narrative review assessing a recent series of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials published in recent years, focusing on the effects of CAM on BP and HT. SELECTION OF STUDIES: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, obtaining a total of 4336 articles, finally limiting the search to 181 after applying filters. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Some studies on biological therapies show some usefulness in BP reduction with an adequate benefit-risk balance, although there is a scarcity of high-quality trials that support these results. Some mind-body therapies have shown hypothetical benefit; in contrast, others lack robust evidence. CONCLUSIONS: Although some therapies present a reasonable risk-benefit ratio, they should in no case replace pharmacological treatment when indicated.

Radios comunitarias, alternativas y populares en la provincia de san luis, argentina: condiciones, trayectorias y estrategias

Este trabajo busca indagar características y prácticas comunicacionales particulares de radios comunitarias, alternativas y populares (CAP) en la provincia de San Luis (Argentina) en el período 20102020, de acuerdo con la normativa vigente desde la sanción de la Ley 26.522. En San Luis se pueden reconocer tres radios CAP: La Bulla, Radio Masi y Radio Rebelde, todas ellas surgieron después de la sanción de la ley. La metodología es cualitativa e incluye consulta de registros, relevamientos previos, publicaciones académicas, entrevistas y conversaciones informales con miembros de los medios. Se propone analizar qué prácticas comunicacionales se despliegan a fin de construir sostenibilidad y en qué medida lo consiguen. También se incluye el estudio respecto a cómo relacionan con otros actores sociales relevantes como el Estado, en sus tres niveles, medios, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y la comunidad, en un sistema infocomunicacional caracterizado por la concentración y centralización. Las radios comunitarias de San Luis sintieron las repercusiones de los cambios de gestión a nivel nacional, y la parálisis en las políticas de comunicación de la provincia, pero aun así continúan al aire. Sin embargo, la falta de nuevas experiencias de comunicación comunitaria invitan a reflexionar sobre las condiciones sociopolíticas que contribuyen a perpetuar su marginalidad en el ecosistema de medios de la provincia.

This article aims to describe characteristics andcommunicational practices of community, alternative, and popular radio stations in San Luis Province, Argentina, between 2010 and 2020, considering the latest regulation in force: LSCA law 26.522, 2009. In San Luis, there are three radio stations that fall under the categories of community, alternative, and popular, according to the law: La Bulla, Masi Radio, and Radio Rebelde, all of them born after the law was sanctioned. The methodology is qualitative, and the analysis is based on empirical research that includes official registries, previous research, academic papers, interviews, and informal conversations with media members. The study analyzes the practices that these radio stations develop to build sustainability, and whether or not they achieve it. Their relationship to other socially relevant actors, such as the State in its three levels, other civil organizations, within a concentrated and centralized media system, is also considered, reflecting those characteristics from the province's political power configuration. Community radios in San Luis suffered the consequences of the national government changes and the paralysis in local communication policies, nevertheless, they are still operative. However, the lack of new community experiences requires further thoughts about how social and political conditions contribute to its marginal position in the communicational system of the province.

Dinámicas socioculturales y alternativas económicas de mujeres en un contexto de economía minera extractivista

Este artículo describe las dinámicas socioculturales presentes en Puerto Claver, El Bagre, Antioquia, a causa del contexto económico minero. El enfoque fenomenològico permitió un acercamiento a las realidades sociales a partir de la cotidianidad de las personas, de sus experiencias vitales y relatos. Un resultado es que la práctica extractiva de oro, arraigada en el corregimiento como la principal alternativa económica, genera desarraigo frente a otras formas de sobrevivencia, como la cosecha y siembra de alimentos y plantas medicinales, la pesca y la apicultura. Al transformarse las prácticas económicas y productivas, así como la relación con el medio ambiente, cambian también las relaciones sociales, las dinámicas socioculturales preexistentes y el tejido social y comunitario. En este contexto, las asociaciones de mujeres tienen un papel significativo en la resignificación y dinamización de procesos económicos alternativos a la práctica minera, a través de los cuales puedan transformar las relaciones sociales y comunitarias.

This article describes the socio-cultural dynamics present in the village of Puerto Claver, municipality of El Bagre, Antioquia, as a result of the mining economic context. The phenomenological approach allowed an approach to the social realities from the daily life of the people, their life experiences and stories. One result is that the practice of gold mining, rooted in the township as the main economic alternative, generates uprooting compared to other forms of survival, such as harvesting and planting food and medicinal plants, fishing and beekeeping. As economic and productive practices are transformed, as well as the relationship with the environment, social relations, pre-existing socio-cultural dynamics and the social and community fabric also change. In this context, women's associations have a significant role to play in re-signifying and energizing alternative economic processes to mining practices, through which they can transform social and community relations.

Inovação e ética: a adoção de técnicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no diagnóstico laboratorial da raiva / Innovation and ethics; the adoption of alternative techniques to the use of animals in the laboratory diagnosis of rabies

Abordagens interdisciplinares vêm ganhando maior reconhecimento e destaque nas comunidades de saúde humana e animal, principalmente pela (re)emergência de diversas doenças infecciosas que emanam da interface humano-animal-ambiente. A raiva, zoonose grave, considerada endêmica no Brasil e globalmente negligenciada, é um exemplo. Tanto a vigilância epidemiológica quanto a confirmação dessa doença dependem do diagnóstico laboratorial, que é realizado, frequentemente, por meio dos testes de Imunofluorescência Direta (IFD) e de Isolamento Viral em Camundongo (IVC), via inoculação intracerebral da amostra suspeita em camundongos lactentes ou desmamados. Entretanto, recentemente, a Organização Mundial da Saúde reconheceu a Transcrição Reversa seguida da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (RT-PCR) como uma técnica primária válida para esse diagnóstico, podendo ser empregada como alternativa ao uso de animais, evitando sofrimento e morte. Esta dissertação apresenta uma discussão sobre as implicações técnicas e éticas da (não) adoção desse método substitutivo, considerando que todos os animais devem ser respeitados e entendidos como sujeitos singulares em suas percepções do mundo, não como objetos de pesquisa. Esse fato corrobora a necessidade de novas perspectivas que ressignifiquem nossas relações com os animais não humanos, o que é primordial para o estabelecimento de mudanças sistêmicas, de caráter ético-político, que visem o fim da instrumentalização animal e de seu uso no âmbito científico, bem como de qualquer forma de opressão.

Interdisciplinary approaches have been gaining greater recognition and prominence in the human and animal health communities, mainly due to the (re)emergence of several infectious diseases that emanate from the human-animal-environment interface. Rabies is an example, considered a serious zoonosis endemic in Brazil and globally neglected. Both epidemiological surveillance and confirmation of this disease depend on laboratory diagnosis, which is usually performed by the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) via intracranial inoculation of the suspected sample into suckling or weanling mice. However, the World Health Organization recently recognized the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a valid primary technique for this diagnosis, which can replace the use of animals, avoiding suffering and death. This study presents a discussion about the technical and ethical implications of (not) adopting this alternative method, considering that all animals must be respected and understood as unique beings with their perceptions of the world, not as objects of research. It also further corroborates the need for new perspectives that reframe our relationships with non-human animals, which is fundamental for the implementation of systemic ethical-political changes, aiming at the end of animal instrumentalization and use in scientific research, as well as all forms of oppression.

The future of diet: what will be eating? / El futuro de la dieta: ¿cómo nos alimentaremos en el futuro?

Food habits and preferences of our population are continuously changing throughout the world, especially in the wealthier countries. One of the consequences in our environment is the abandonment of the Mediterranean Diet, in accordance with an increased consumption of processed and ultraprocessed food, with negative effects on our health by the progressive increase of obesity and its multiple metabolic consequences. On the other hand, foods production is one of the most important reasons for the global warming of the planet, triggered by an increased demand of foods, caused by the grow up of the world population and by the introduction of technologies no respectful with the planet. Fortunately, every day the population is more and more awareness of the need for changing the alimentary model and the news technologies, looking for minimizing such deleterious consequence, always thinking in the health of the people and the planet. This concept, looking for a global welfare for the present and for the future, is discussed in this manuscript.

Forecasting the influence of conservation strategies on landscape connectivity.

Maintaining and enhancing landscape connectivity reduces biodiversity declines due to habitat fragmentation. Uncertainty remains, however, about the effectiveness of conservation for enhancing connectivity for multiple species on dynamic landscapes, especially over long time horizons. We forecasted landscape connectivity from 2020 to 2100 under four common conservation land-acquisition strategies: acquiring the lowest cost land, acquiring land clustered around already established conservation areas, acquiring land with high geodiversity characteristics, and acquiring land opportunistically. We used graph theoretic metrics to quantify landscape connectivity across these four strategies, evaluating connectivity for four ecologically relevant species guilds that represent endpoints along a spectrum of vagility and habitat specificity: long- versus short-distance dispersal ability and habitat specialists versus generalists. We applied our method to central North Carolina and incorporated landscape dynamics, including forest growth, succession, disturbance, and management. Landscape connectivity improved for specialist species under all conservation strategies employed, although increases were highly variable across strategies. For generalist species, connectivity improvements were negligible. Overall, clustering the development of new protected areas around land already designated for conservation yielded the largest improvements in connectivity; increases were several orders of magnitude beyond current landscape connectivity for long- and short-distance dispersing specialist species. Conserving the lowest cost land contributed the least to connectivity. Our approach provides insight into the connectivity contributions of a suite of conservation alternatives prior to on-the-ground implementation and, therefore, can inform connectivity planning to maximize conservation benefit.

Pronóstico de la Influencia de las Estrategias de Conservación sobre la Conectividad del Paisaje Resumen El mantenimiento y la mejora de la conectividad de paisaje reduce las declinaciones de biodiversidad causadas por la fragmentación del hábitat. Sin embargo, todavía existe incertidumbre sobre lo efectiva que es la conservación para la mejora de la conectividad para múltiples especies en paisajes dinámicos, especialmente durante periodos largos. Pronosticamos la conectividad de paisaje desde el 2020 hasta el 2100 bajo cuatro estrategias comunes de adquisición de tierras para conservación: adquisición de las tierras más baratas, adquisición de conjuntos de tierras adyacentes a áreas de conservación ya establecidas, adquisición de tierras con una gran diversidad de características geográficas, y adquisición oportunista de tierras. Después usamos medidas de teoría de grafos para cuantificar la conectividad de paisaje en estas cuatro estrategias y para evaluar la conectividad de cuatro gremios de especies con relevancia ecológica que representan los puntos finales en un espectro de movilidad y especificidad de hábitat: habilidad de dispersión de distancia corta versus larga y especialistas versus generalistas de hábitat. Aplicamos nuestro método en el centro de Carolina del Norte e incorporamos las dinámicas de paisaje, incluyendo el crecimiento, sucesión, alteración y gestión forestales. La conectividad del paisaje mejoró para las especies especialistas bajo todas las estrategias de conservación que se usaron, aunque los incrementos fueron muy variables según la estrategia. Para las especies generalistas, las mejoras en la conectividad fueron insignificantes. En general, agrupar al desarrollo de nuevas áreas protegidas alrededor de tierras ya designadas a la conservación produjo la mayor cantidad de mejoras en la conectividad; los incrementos estuvieron varias magnitudes más allá de la conectividad actual del paisaje para las especies especialistas con dispersión de corta y larga distancia. La conservación de las tierras más baratas contribuyó a la menor conectividad. Nuestra estrategia proporciona información sobre las contribuciones de conectividad de un conjunto de alternativas de conservación previas la implementación in situ y por lo tanto puede servir para orientar la planeación y maximizar el beneficio de conservación.

Tramas íntimas y políticas en la articulación de masculinidades alternativas / Intimate and political plot in the articulation of alternative masculinities

Derivado de las reflexiones y avances teóricos del feminismo, la cuestión de las masculinidades ha adquiri-do gran relevancia en el campo de las ciencias sociales como objeto de indagación e intervención. Paralelo a este proceso, han ido proliferando la creación y acción de colectivos de hombres que se proponen de forma activa una deconstrucción de la masculinidad hegemónica y la erradicación de las brechas de género. El presente trabajo analiza la narrativa de hombres que participan de colectivos antipatriarcales. Los resul-tados dan cuenta de los elementos estructurales que componen las historias y de dos tramas que articulan las historias. Estas son la trama íntima y política. Se concluye que en el proceso de transformación de la masculinidad no solo está involucrado un proceso subjetivo de transformación, sino que una crítica a los contextos sociales y políticos se intersecta con la pregunta sobre las identidades de género

Derived from the reflections and theoretical advances of feminism, the question of masculinities has acquired great relevance in the field of social sciences as an object of inquiry and intervention. Parallel to this process, the creation and action of men's groups that actively propose a deconstruction of hegemonic masculinity and the eradication of gender gaps have been proliferating. This paper analyzes the narrative of men who participate in antipatriarchal groups. The results show the structural elements that make up the stories and two plots that articulate the stories. These are the intimate and political plot. It is concluded that in the process of transformation of masculinity not only a process of subjective transformation is involved, but also a critique of social and political contexts intersects with the question of gender identities.

Update on smoking. Alternatives for the management of patients with cardiovascular risk / Puesta al día del tabaquismo. Alternativas para el manejo del paciente con riesgo cardiovascular

Smoking is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is clearly involved as a cardiovascular risk factor. Smoking has different effects on the cardiovascular system, such as a decrease in nitric oxide, increased inflammatory response, increased adhesion of pro-atherogenic molecules, lipid disturbances, generation of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as can be shown in different biomarkers modifications. Despite the aids currently available for smoking cessation, many smokers are unwilling or unable to achieve this. So alternative tools with potential harm reduction, such as non-combustion tobacco products, could be an option due to the better results they had shown on cardiovascular risk factors. This has led these devices to be taken into account as a risk-modifying tobacco product according to the FDA. (AU)

El tabaquismo es la principal causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y tiene una implicación clara como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. El tabaco posee distintos efectos a nivel cardiovascular, como son una disminución del óxido nítrico, aumento de la respuesta inflamatoria, aumento de la adhesión de moléculas proaterogénicas, modificaciones lipídicas, generación de estrés oxidativo y disfunción endotelial que puede verse reflejada en distintos biomarcadores. A pesar de las ayudas que se poseen actualmente para la cesación tabáquica, parte de la población consumidora no quiere o no lo puede conseguir y es por ello que herramientas alternativas como los productos de reducción del daño y el tabaco por calentamiento podrían ser una opción gracias a los mejores resultados que muestran sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular comparado con el cigarrillo convencional. Algo que ha llevado a estos dispositivos para ser considerados como producto de tabaco modificador del riesgo, según la FDA. (AU)

Terapia narrativa e neuroplasticidade: pensando suas conexões / Narrative therapy, neuroplasticity and their connections

Foi investigado, nesse artigo, a forma com que a terapia narrativa, a partir da construção de histórias alternativas, pode estimular a plasticidade neuronal, promovendo mudanças psicológicas e comportamentais. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica para analisar as contribuições teóricas e práticas da relação entre histórias alternativas e a neuroplasticidade. Foi observado que esta interface tem sido pouco estudada enquanto tema unificado. Na terapia narrativa o terapeuta ajuda o paciente a olhar detalhes até então não percebidos de sua história, trazendo novos estímulos e permitindo ao paciente recontar repetidas vezes sua própria história alternativa. Isso contribui para uma ressignificação de sua história e o desenvolvimento de novos pensamentos e sentimentos, que resultarão em novos comportamentos. A vivência desse processo, ativa a neuroplasticidade do cérebro e cria novas conexões neuronais, gerando mudanças saudáveis e funcionais na vida do paciente.

This work investigates how narrative therapy can stimulate neuroplasticity, with basis on the construction of alternative histories, thus promoting psychological and behavioral changes. A literature review was carried out to analyze the contribution, theoretical and practical, arising from the relationship between neuroplasticity and alternative histories. It was noticed that this interface has been little studied as a unified theme. In narrative therapy, the therapist helps the patient to look at details of his/her history so far unnoticed, bringing new stimuli and allowing the patient to recall his/her alternative history, over and over again. This contributes to a resignification of his/her history and the development of new thoughts and feelings, which will result in behavioral changes. The experience of the process of creating and recalling such alternative history, activates brain’s neuroplasticity, establishing new neural connections and contributing to healthy and functional changes in the patient's life.

Estágio em psicologia escolar e educacional e prevenção à criminalidade: ampliando perspectivas de atuação / Internship in school and educational psychology and crime prevention: expanding work perspectives

Este relato apresenta uma experiência de Estágio Básico em Psicologia Escolar e Educacional desenvolvida junto ao Programa Central de Acompanhamento de Penas e Medidas Alternativas (CEAPA), do Governo de Minas Gerais. Buscou-se relatar a complexidade dessa experiência a partir de três perspectivas: docentes, profissionais da instituição e uma estagiária. O Estágio, fundamentado na parceria entre instituição e universidade, foi importante desencadeador tanto de reflexões sobre o trabalho quanto de articulações teórico-práticas, além de aproximar os estagiários de possíveis campos de atuação - sobretudo aqueles que transcendem a estrutura da escola formal - e de desafios que se apresentam no cotidiano profissional.

This report presents a Basic Internship experience in School and Educational Psychology developed with the Central Program for the Monitoring of Penalties and Alternative Measures (CEAPA), of the Government of Minas Gerais. We sought to report the complexity of this experience from three perspectives: teachers, professionals at the institution and a female intern. The internship, based on the partnership between the institution and the university, was an important trigger for both reflections on work and theoretical and practical articulations, in addition to bringing trainees closer to possible fields of activity - especially those that transcend the structure of the formal school - and to challenges that present themselves in professional daily life.

Simbiosis entre indicadores bibliométricos y alternativos para un índice métrico integrado / Symbiosis of bibliometric and alternative indicators for an integrated metric index

RESUMEN Resulta un gran desafío encontrar una vía que le otorgue un valor real a las publicaciones científicas desde su impacto y calidad. Esta realidad exige el uso de indicadores bibliométricos y más reciente, algunos alternativos para la evaluación, tanto de los autores como de sus publicaciones. En este sentido se realiza un estudio de ambos sistemas de indicadores y sus metodologías, desde el análisis de debilidades y potencialidades para su integración en un único índice, de modo que permita una evaluación más integral y justa de su impacto en la comunidad científica. Se indagó además sobre la importancia, necesidad y nivel de información que se posee sobre este tema en profesores cubanos de varias universidades, durante el período 2018-2019. El objetivo del presente trabajo es argumentar algunas ideas para el acercamiento gradual del Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior de la República de Cuba (SEAES) a estos indicadores, teniendo en cuenta el nivel de atención que reciben por bases de datos reconocidas globalmente. Los resultados son parte del proyecto de investigación El impacto social de la formación continua como parte de los procesos de mejora de la calidad en la Universidad de Camagüey.

ABSTRACT It is a great challenge to find a way that gives real value to scientific publications based on their impact and quality. This reality has required the use of bibliometric indicators and more recent some alternative ones for the evaluation of both the authors and their publications. In this sense, an analysis of both systems of indicators and their methodologies is carried out, from the analysis of weaknesses and potentialities for their integration in an only index, so that it allows a more comprehensive evaluation. and just about its impact on the scientific community. It also inquired about the importance, need and level of information that is possessed on this subject in Cuban university professors from various universities, during the period 2018-2019. The objective of the present work is to argue some ideas are proposed for the gradual approach of SEAES to these indicators, taking into account the level of attention they receive through globally recognized databases. The exposed results are part of the research project The social impact of continuous training as part of the quality improvement processes at the University of Camagüey.

[Role of dairy and alternative plant products in a healthy and sustainable diet]. / Rol de los lácteos y de las alternativas vegetales en una alimentación saludable y sostenible.

INTRODUCTION: Dairy products and plant alternatives are two food groups that are part of the Spanish population's diet. Both have a very different nutritional composition - unlike plant products, the high nutritional density of dairy products makes it easier to meet nutrient requirements at different stages of life. Although the environmental impact of dairy production is greater than that of plant-based products, it falls below that of other food groups such as red meat, including pork and beef. Dairy and plant alternatives meet critical points of the sustainable diet definition, and several food guides from countries around the world are including them within healthy and sustainable eating patterns. For this reason, it is necessary to clarify that both products can be part of a healthy and sustainable diet, although they belong to different food groups, which are not interchangeable and should not be used alternatively.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los productos lácteos y las alternativas vegetales son dos grupos de alimentos que forman parte de la dieta de la población española. Estos alimentos tienen una composición nutricional muy diferente: a diferencia de los productos vegetales, la elevada densidad nutricional de los productos lácteos hace que sea más fácil cubrir los requerimientos de nutrientes en las diferentes etapas de la vida. Por otro lado, a pesar de que el impacto sobre el medioambiente de la producción de los lácteos es mayor que el de los productos de origen vegetal, queda por debajo del de otros grupos de alimentos como la carne roja, el cerdo o el vacuno. Por ese motivo, ambos grupos de alimentos cumplen con varios puntos críticos de la definición de alimentos sostenibles y cada vez son más las guías alimentarias de países de todo el mundo que los incluyen dentro de los patrones de alimentación saludable y sostenible. Por este motivo, es necesario clarificar que ambos productos pueden formar parte de una alimentación correcta, saludable y sostenible, aunque pertenecen a grupos de alimentos distintos, que no son intercambiables y no deben utilizarse de manera alternativa.

Conservação de água em shopping centers: análise das percepções dos atores envolvidos nos projetos e gestão, com o uso do processo de hierarquia analítica / Water conservation in shopping centers: analysis of the perceptions of the actors involved in projects and management, using the analytical hierarchy process

RESUMO As áreas urbanas buscam novas opções de serviço de água, para garantir o abastecimento. A literatura acadêmica versa sobre o pensamento de que a crise hídrica está relacionada ao crescimento urbano; no entanto, o fator predominante é o aumento do consumo, independentemente do crescimento populacional, pois fatores comportamentais devem ser revistos a partir de simples hábitos diários. Os empresários não focam apenas nas questões de economia ou da discussão ambiental, de mais vale a garantia da autonomia, pois a insegurança hídrica é cada vez mais crescente. Empreendimentos como os shopping centers poderão consumir volumes de água equivalentes ao consumo de 5 mil pessoas. Para saber as percepções dos atores envolvidos no design e na gestão de shopping centers, este trabalho utilizou o método AHP, com a aplicação de questionários e resultados combinados. Dados resultantes demonstram que o conhecimento dos envolvidos nem sempre corresponde aos conceitos de conservação de água e que uma melhor sinergia entre a ciência e o mercado deve estar mais próxima.

ABSTRACT Urban areas seek new water service options, to ensure the supply. The academic literature deals with the thought that the water crisis is related to urban growth; however, the predominant factor is the increased consumption, regardless of population growth, as behavioral factors should be reviewed based on simple daily habits. Entrepreneurs do not focus only on economic issues or on top of environmental discussion, as well ensuring autonomy, as water insecurity is increasingly growing. Enterprises such as shopping malls may consume water volumes equivalent to the consumption of 5,000 people. In order to know the perceptions of the actors involved in the design and management of shopping malls, this work used the AHP method, with the application of questionnaires and combined results. Resulting data demonstrate that the knowledge of those involved does not always correspond to the concepts of water conservation and a better synergy between science and the market should be more forthcoming.

Update on smoking. Alternatives for the management of patients with cardiovascular risk.

Smoking is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is clearly involved as a cardiovascular risk factor. Smoking has different effects on the cardiovascular system, such as a decrease in nitric oxide, increased inflammatory response, increased adhesion of pro-atherogenic molecules, lipid disturbances, generation of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as can be shown in different biomarkers modifications. Despite the aids currently available for smoking cessation, many smokers are unwilling or unable to achieve this. So alternative tools with potential harm reduction, such as non-combustion tobacco products, could be an option due to the better results they had shown on cardiovascular risk factors. This has led these devices to be taken into account as a risk-modifying tobacco product according to the FDA.

Portuguese adults’ concerns on the return to indoor sports practice after confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic -mitigation strategies proposals / Preocupações de adultos portugueses no regresso à prática desportiva em espaços desportivos cobertosapós o confinamento devido à pandemia COVID-19 –propostas de estratégias de mitigação / Preocupaciones de adultos portugueses sobre el regreso a la práctica deportiva en instalaciones deportivas cubiertas tras el confinamiento al que obligó la pandemia COVID-19-propuestas de estrategias de mitigación

Objective: This study aimed to get an insight of Portuguese adult people concerns about returning to physical activity and sports practice at indoor sports facilities, after confinement due to COVID-19’ pandemic. Subsequently, an additional approach to the traditional mitigation strategies was to be proposed. Methods: A total of 173 Portuguese practitioners on indoor physical activity or sports before pandemic participated in this study. A questionnaire asking how much concerned (1 –nothing, to 5 –completely) would they be on different contexts and aspects related to this return was applied. Results: respondents were considerably concerned about this theme, especially with touching on common surfaces and proximity to others. Although considerable concerned if having to travel by public transport to the training facility, using locker rooms and with features of the sports’ practice itself, the former received the highest concerns. Additionally, we have suggested modifying some objects (or creating others) that may allow their use with body parts other than hands -an important contagion source -and exploiting the possibility of using intermediate instruments on objects and sports equipment manipulation, preventing users from touching their surfaces directly. Conclusion: touching on common surfaces and proximity to others revealed high degrees of concern on the return to indoor sports practice after confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside the rules of personal distancing, respiratory etiquette and surfaces hygiene, it is suggested that sports practitioners, whenever possible, use alternative body parts and intermediate instruments that avoid direct contact of hands with surfaces and sport objects. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener una visión de las preocupaciones de adultos portugueses en lo que refiere al regreso a la actividad deportiva en instalaciones deportivas cubiertas, tras el confinamiento al que obligó la pandemia COVID-19. Posteriormente, se planteó un enfoque adicional a las estrategias tradicionales de mitigación. Métodos: han participado un total de 173 personas que solían practicar actividad deportiva en instalaciones deportivas cubiertas antes de la pandemia. Se aplicó un cuestionario en el que preguntó lo preocupados (1 –nada, a 5 –completamente) que estarían en diferentes aspectos relacionados con este regreso. Resultados: Los encuestados estaban extremadamente preocupados, especialmente por tocar superficies de uso común y por la proximidad con otros usuarios. Todos los contextos (desplazamiento en transporte público al lugar de entrenamiento, vestuarios y características de la práctica de la actividad propiamente dicha) fueron señaladas como grandes fuentes de preocupación, sobretodo en cuanto a la primera citada. Se propuso modificar algunos objetos (o crear otros) que permitan un uso con partes del cuerpo distintas de las manos y utilizar instrumentos intermediarios en la manipulación de objetos deportivos. Conclusión: tocar superficies de uso común y la proximidad de otros usuarios reveló altos grados de preocupación al regresar a la práctica deportiva después del confinamiento. Además del respeto de las reglas de distanciamiento personal, etiqueta respiratoria e higiene de superficies, se sugiere que los practicantes utilicen, en la medida de lo posible, partes corporales alternativas e instrumentos intermedios que eviten el contacto directo con superficies y objetos. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo tevecomo objetivo obter uma visão das preocupações de adultos portugueses sobre o regresso à atividade física e à prática desportiva em instalações desportivas cobertas, após o confinamento devido à pandemia COVID-19. Subsequentemente, ir-se-ia propor uma abordagem adicional às estratégias tradicionais de mitigação. Métodos: Um total de 173 portugueses praticantes de atividade física ou desportiva em instalações desportivas cobertas antes da pandemia participaram no estudo. Todos preencheram um questionário informando o quão preocupados (1 –nada, para 5 –completamente) estariam em diferentes contextos e aspetos relacionados com este regresso. Resultados: os entrevistados estão consideravelmente preocupados com tocar em superfícies comuns e com a proximidade aoutros utentes. Todos os contextos (uso de transporte público para o local de treino, balneários e caraterísticas da prática desportiva propriamente dita) receberam manifestações de preocupação considerável, com o primeiro a obter as maiores preocupações.Sugeriu-se modificar alguns objetos (ou criar outros) que possam permitir o seu uso com partes do corpo que não as mãos e explorar a possibilidade de usar instrumentos intermediários na manipulação de objetos e equipamentos desportivos, evitando, assim, tocar nas suas superfícies diretamente. Conclusão: tocar em superfícies comuns e proximidade de outros utentes induzem altos graus de preocupação no regresso à prática desportiva após as restrições provocadas pela COVID-19. Além das regras de distanciamentopessoal, etiqueta respiratória e higiene das superfícies, sugere-se que os praticantes, sempre que possível, utilizem partes alternativas do corpo e instrumentos intermediários que evitem o contacto direto das mãos com superfícies e objetos desportivos. (AU)